AQA Psychology for A Level Year 2 - Student Bk

The nervous system and the endocrine system 1. Which division of the nervous system is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic branches? (a) The central nervous system. (b) The peripheral nervous system. (c) The somatic nervous system. (d) The autonomic nervous system. 2. Which describes the somatic nervous system? (a) Maintains homeostasis by regulating body temperature, heartbeat, etc. (b) Made up of the brain and the spinal cord. (c) Controls muscle movement. (d) Passes messages to and from the brain and connects nerves to the PNS. 3. The master endocrine gland is the ... (a) Adrenal gland. (b) Pituitary gland. (c) Thyroid gland. (d) Hypothalamus. 4. Which is not an action of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS? (a) Inhibits digestion. (b) Contracts pupil. (c) Stimulates saliva production. (d) Decreases heart rate. Neurons and synaptic transmission 1. Which of the following carries messages from the PNS to the CNS? (a) Sensory neuron. (b) Motor neuron. (c) Relay neuron. (d) Synaptic neuron. 2. Which is not part of the basic structure of a neuron? (a) Cell body. (b) Axon. (c) Effector. (d) Dendrite. 3. Which of the following does not occur as part of the process of synaptic transmission? (a) The neuron is in a resting state. (b) An electrical impulse triggers the release of neurotransmitter. (c) Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic gap. (d) The chemical message is converted back into an electrical impulse. 4. The following describes what process? ‘When a neuron is activated by a stimulus, the inside of the cell becomes positively charged for a split second. This creates an electrical impulse that travels down the axon towards the end of the neuron.’ (a) Synaptic transmission. (b) Inhibitory response. (c) Pre-synaptic terminal. (d) Action potential. Localisation of function 1. The theory that all parts of the brain are involved in the processing of thought and action is called . . . (a) Holistic theory. (b) Localisation theory. (c) Plasticity. (d) Law of equipotentiality. 2. Broca’s area is located in the . . . (a) Left parietal lobe. (b) Right occipital lobe. (c) Left frontal lobe. (d) Left temporal lobe. 3. Damage to which area of the brain may result in a loss of control of fine movements? (a) The somatosensory area. (b) The motor area. (c) The auditory area. (d) Wernicke’s area. 4. Most of the damage to Phineas Gage’s brain was sustained in the . . . (a) Frontal lobe. (b) Parietal lobe. (c) Temporal lobe. (d) Occipital lobe. Plasticity and functional recovery in the brain 1. The deleting of rarely used connections in the brain is known as . . . (a) Synaptic priming. (b) Synaptic pluming. (c) Synaptic pruning. (d) Synaptic planning. 2. In the Maguire et al . study of London taxi drivers which area was seen to have undergone learning-induced changes? (a) Posterior hippocampus. (b) Anterior hypothalamus. (c) Interior gyrus. (d) Bacteria epiglottis. 3. Which of the following refers to the activation of secondary neural pathways to carry out new functions? (a) Revealing. (b) Unmasking. (c) Unearthing. (d) Renewing. 4. The Bezzola et al . study saw 40 hours of training produce changes in neural representations of movement within which sport? (a) Snooker. (b) Chess. (c) Golf. (d) Darts. Split-brain research into hemispheric lateralisation 1. The fact that language is controlled by the left hemisphere in most people is known as . . . (a) Lateralisation. (b) Aphasia. (c) Holism. (d) Plasticity. 2. If an object was shown to the left visual field of one of Sperry’s patients, they would report . . . (a) That they had seen the object. (b) That there was nothing there. (c) That they saw two objects. (d) That they saw a different object. 3. Which of the following is specialised in the right hemisphere in most people? (a) Musical ability. (b) Analytic tasks. (c) Verbal ability. (d) Right hand. 4. Roger Sperry was awarded the Nobel Prize in which year? (a) 1961 (b) 1971 (c) 1981 (d) 1991 Ways of investigating the brain 1. A method of detecting changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur as a result of neural activity best describes what? (a) fMRI. (b) EEG. (c) ERP. (d) Post-mortem. 2. Which of the following is most likely to measure ‘global’ (whole) brain activity rather than specific areas of activity/damage? (a) fMRI. (b) EEG. (c) ERP. (d) Post-mortem. 3. Which of the following uses a statistical averaging technique to remove extraneous scan data? (a) fMRI. (b) EEG. (c) ERP. (d) Post-mortem. 4. Which of the following describes a post-mortem examination? (a) Removal of the frontal lobe. (b) Microscopic removal of brain cells. (c) Cutting the brain down the middle to separate hemispheres. (d) Examining a brain after death. Multiple-Choice Questions Chapter 2 Biopsychology 58 •