Eduqas Chemistry for A Level Year 2: Student Bk

Exam aims Learners should: ▪ ?? 112 Overview Organic chemistry and analysis Component 2 OA1.1 Stereoisomerism The distinction between structural isomerism and optical isomerism and the two types of stereoisomerism Common terms used in optical isomerism Recognising the features present in organic formulae that lead to optical isomerism The effect of enantiomers on plane polarised light p114 OA2.1 Alcohols and phenols The methods of forming primary and secondary alcohols from halogenoalkanes and carbonyl compounds The reactions of primary and secondary alcohols with hydrogen halides, ethanoyl chloride and carboxylic acids The acidity of phenol and its reactions with bromine and ethanoyl chloride The test for phenols using aqueous iron(III) chloride p125 OA1.2 Aromaticity The structure and bonding in benzene and other arenes The resistance to addition reactions shown by aromatic compounds such as benzene The mechanism of electrophilic substitution, such as in the nitration, halogenation and Friedel–Crafts alkylation of benzene, as the characteristic reaction of arenes The interaction between benzene and substituent groups, as exemplified by the increase in C–Cl bond strength in chlorobenzene when compared to an alkene p118 OA2.2 Aldehydes and ketones The formation of aldehydes and ketones by the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols respectively How aldehydes and ketones may be distinguished by their relative ease of oxidation using Tollens’ reagent and Fehling’s reagent The reduction of aldehydes and ketones using sodium tetrahydridoborate(III) The mechanism of nucleophilic addition, such as in the addition of hydrogen cyanide to ethanal and propanone The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and its use in testing for a carbonyl group and the identification of specific aldehydes and ketones The triiodomethane (iodoform) test and its use in identifying CH 3 C=O groups or their precursors p134