WJEC GCSE Health and Social Care, and Childcare

Double award The double award comprises Units 1 and 2 plus : Unit Assessment 3: Health and social care, and childcare in the 21st century 20% of double award qualification Written examination: 1 hour 30 minutes 80 marks 4: Promoting and supporting health and well-being to achieve positive outcomes 30% of double award qualification Non-Exam Assessment: Approximately 25 hours 120 marks Unit 4 is assessed through a task relating to meaningful activities suitable for a chosen target group. Key features and structure of the book The book is divided into four units which mirror the four units of the specification. The units are broken down into parts and then into topics to present the most important aspects of the specification content, including support for the components that will be assessed by Non-Exam Assessment. Each topic includes the following features: Think about it Key terms Did you know? Case study Check your understanding 1.1 Human development across the life cycle Keypoints 1.2 Physical, social, emotional and intellectual health Understanding health and well-being: 1.3 The importance of active participation on development and well-being Active participation in care: 1.4 Early intervention and prevention Early intervention and prevention: Life stages: Humangrowth anddevelopment happen in stages. Thefivemain human life stages are: Infancy (0–2 years) Childhood (3–12 years) Adolescence (13–19 years) Adulthood (20–64 years) Later adulthood (over65 years). Intellectual development: Social development: Socialdevelopment is about the relationshipswedevelopwith others, learning the culture of society and how to communicate. Languagedevelopment and play are important for social development during childhood. Parents and close familymembers socialise us during infancy and childhood. Friendships and peergroups are important sourcesof social development during adolescence. Adult social relationships are concernedwith trying tofind a balancebetween the competing demandsofwork, family and friends. Emotional development: Definitions: Physicalgrowth refers to an increase in physical size (mass and height). Human development refers to the emergence and increase in sophisticationof skills, abilities and emotions. Physical growth and development: Humangrowthand development followquitea predictablepatternwith change occurring ineach life stage. Physical growth is rapid in infancy, early childhood and adolescence. Sexualmaturity is reached as a result ofpubertyduring adolescence. Physical change and thendeclineoccurs during adulthood and later adulthood. Physical skills and abilities continuously develop and change throughout life. Emotional development affectsaperson’s feelingsand emotions. Establishinga secureattachment relationshipduring infancy is vital for emotional development. Understanding and controlling emotions isakey developmental challengeduring childhood. Developinga personal identity, self-awarenessand understanding sexuality aredevelopmental challengesduring adolescenceandearly adulthood. Factors affecting human growth and development: Active participation involves directly involving the individual inplanning,making decisions aboutormeeting their care and support needs. Activeparticipation encouragespeople to takepersonal responsibility for their health andwellbeing. Activeparticipation requires a person-centred approach and commitment by careworkers to empower andwork in partnershipwith individuals inneedof care and support. 1 2 3 4 5 Intellectualdevelopmentaffectsaperson’sability to thinkandunderstand. Memory, language skillsandmoral judgementareallaffectedby intellectual development. Intellectualabilities change ineach life stage. Thinkingability, intelligenceandmemoryarenotaffectedbynormalageing, though somepeopledevelopdementia-related conditions inolderadulthood. Physical factors include genetic inheritance, diet, illness, disease anddisability. 01 Social and economic factors include gender, family relationships, adverse childhood experiences, abuse andneglect, educational experiences, culture and ethnicity. 02 Economicandenvironmental factors include income, poverty,housing conditions, access to care services and air pollution. 03 1 2 4 3 Physical activity and exercise are vital forbothphysical andmental health. Social,emotional and intellectualwell-being are all partof the holistic approach to health. Health canbedefinedusing a positive approach (beingfit, feelinggood)or a negative approach (notbeing unwell). A life event is an experience that affects a person’s development in apositive ornegative way. Life events can be expected or unexpected and canhave positive or negative effects on a person’s development andwell-being. Examplesof lifeevents includebirthofa sibling, parenthood, startingand ending school,beginning and retiring fromwork, gettingmarriedordivorced, movinghome,experiencing illness,bereavement ordisability. The holistic approach views physical andmentalhealth as being very closely connected andpartof a ‘wholeperson’ approach to health. Early intervention and preventative approaches aim to limit the impactofhealth and social problems. Preventative approaches in health care include vaccination, immunisation and screeningprogrammes andproviding information and support about healthy lifestyles. Summary Summary 68 69 Life events: In addition to the above features in each topic, the book includes the following features: • a graphical summary of the content at the end of each unit which helps to reinforce the concepts and knowledge 6 INTRODUCTION